Kharulian Test Cases¶
The sun shines.
it anrjm
It árnaghiam.
[it ˈár.na.ʝam]
it án-raghiam sun 4s-shine
The sun is shining.
it anrjman
It árnaghman.
[it ˈár.naʝ.man]
it án-raghm-an sun 4s-shine-PROG
The sun shone.
it anrjmoj
It arnaghmogh.
[it ar.naʝˈmɔʝ]
it an-raghm-ogh sun 4s-shine-PFV
The sun will shine.
it anrjmet
It arnaghmueet.
[it ar.naʝˈmˠeːt]
it an-raghm-ue-et sun 4s-shine-PFV-FUT
The sun has been shining.
it anrjmj
It árnaghiamy.
[it ˈar.na.ʝamʲ]
it án-raghiam-y sun 4s-shine-IPFV
The translation here really depends on how you imagine the sentence continuing. The above assumes something like “The sun has been shining, and we’ve been enjoying its warmth”. If it’s “…, but now it’s going behind a cloud”, you’d use the progressive árnaghman to indicate the interruption. If it’s “… for almost four hours now”, you’d be more likely to use the protractive arnaghmía.
The sun is shining again.
it anrjmpran
It arnaghmabran.
[it ar.naʝ.məbˈran]
it an-raghm-br-an sun 4s-shine-again-PROG
The sun will shine tomorrow.
it autasu sy anrjmoj
It auucharu sakh arnaghmogh.
[it a.uːˈtʃa.ru saç ar.naʝˈmɔʝ]
it auucharu s-akh an-raghm-ogh sun tomorrow INAN-on 4s-shine-PFV
The sun shines brightly.
it agymuasa anrjm
It ankhiamaraa árnaghiam.
[it aɲ.çaˈma.raː ˈar.na.ʝam]
it an-khiama-raa án-raghiam sun 4s-fill-IPFV.CVB 4s-shine
The bright sun shines.
agymuasa it anrjm
Ankhiamara it árnaghiam.
[aɲ.çaˈma.ra it ˈar.na.ʝam]
an-khiama-ra it án-raghiam 4s-fill-IPFV.PTCP sun 4s-shine
The sun is rising now.
it egqitan
It enchíidzan
[it ɛɲˈtʃiː.dzan]
it en-chíidz-an sun 3s-begin-PROG
Were you born in this village?
zeh tamso zez qiqit iki
Shel tsamzo shezh chichiit igui?
[ʃɛɫ ˈtsam.zo ʃɛʒ tʃiˈtʃiːt ˈi.ɡʷi]
sh-el tsamz-o sh-ezh chi-chiit ig-ui INAN.SG-this village-ACC INAN.SG-in 2s-be.born Q-PFV